Projects, programmes and portfolios: What’s the difference?

Known as P3 management, projects, programmes, and portfolios can work together to achieve business objectives using different methods, techniques and governance structures. Some aspects of projects, programmes and portfolios are very different and require unique methodologies, but all can be valuable and effective when working together.

Whether launching a new product, implementing a new IT system, or achieving a strategic business outcome, understanding the structure of these initiatives is essential. Projects, programmes, and portfolios represent these structures, each with a unique role in achieving business objectives.

In this blog, we delve into the definitions, differences, and similarities between project, programme, and portfolio management, offering insights into how they each contribute to organisational success.

What is a project?

A project is a temporary endeavour to create a unique product, service, or result. It has a defined start and end time, as well as specific objectives and constraints, such as scope, time, and budget. Projects are characterised by their uniqueness and the fact that they are not part of regular business operations. It helps to use project management techniques and tools to ensure successful completion and delivery.

Example: Developing a new software application to improve customer service is a project.

What is a programme?

A programme consists of a group of related projects managed in a coordinated manner, which offers greater value than managing them individually. Programmes may also include elements of ongoing operations. Programme management focuses on achieving strategic objectives and delivering benefits that contribute to the organisation’s wider goals.

Example: A programme to enhance digital customer experiences might include several projects, such as developing a new app, upgrading the online shopping platform, and implementing a new CRM system.

What is a portfolio?

A portfolio is a collection of projects, programmes, subsidiary portfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives. Unlike projects and programmes, a portfolio is not necessarily a group of related work. Instead, it is organised based on achieving specific strategic business objectives. Portfolio management ensures that the projects and programmes are aligned with the organisation’s strategic goals and are executed efficiently.

Example: A portfolio could be a company’s investment in innovation and could include a mix of new product development projects, technology upgrade programs, and research and development activities.

What are the key differences?

	Project	Programme	Portfolio
Focus and objectivesManagement	Focused on delivering a unique product or service	Aims to achieve strategic benefits and capabilities by managing related projects	Focused on achieving strategic business objectives by overseeing a collection of projects, programmes and other work
Management	Concerned with the execution of individual projects	Coordinates multiple related projects to achieve greater business benefits	Oversees the selection, prioritisation, and alignment of all projects and programmes in relation to organisational strategy
Scope and change	Have a defined scope that is progressively elaborated	Encompass a broader scope that evolves as the programme’s components interact	Continuously evolve to respond to strategic business changes
Timeframe	Temporary with a defined beginning and end	May consist of ongoing activities beyond the projects they contain	Are ongoing efforts that adapt to strategic business needs

How are projects, programmes and portfolios connected?

Projects, programmes, and portfolios are not isolated from each other but are intricately connected.

Projects may be rolled up into programmes when they are related and collectively contribute to a specific strategic objective.

Programmes and their constituent projects, along with other non-related projects, form part of a portfolio that aligns with the strategic goals.

Developing your skills in project, programme and portfolio management

Embracing the principles of project, programme, and portfolio management can lead to improved efficiency, better resource allocation, and enhanced strategic alignment, driving success on an individual level and also contributing significantly to the overarching goals of the business.

Improve your project, programme and portfolio management skills with our range of certified project management courses.

Source: prince2.com

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Difference between Project Management and Portfolio Management

1. Project Management :

Project Management, as name suggests, is a management skill that involves managing single project from starting to end and makes sure it gets completed successfully on given period of time.

2. Portfolio Management :

Portfolio Management, as name suggests, is a management skill that involves managing all projects within organization so that they can maximize earnings and increase return of investments.

Difference between Project Management and Portfolio Management :

Project Management	Portfolio Management
It mainly focuses on management of particular project.	It mainly focuses on all projects within organization.
It simply manages individual projects and makes sure that it gets completed on given period of time within budget also.	It simply manages investments of individuals so that they can increase their earnings within given period of time.
This management generally focuses various tasks within particular project to achieve desired result or product.	This management generally focuses on high-level view of any activity or task or project of any organization.
It is a temporary process but unique.	It is a ongoing process that has to performed on daily basis.
It does not make a strategic plans and prioritize projects.	It makes strategic plans, prioritize projects, selects important projects that will benefit organization.
It makes unnecessary use of resources for each project that are not even important.	It decreases unnecessary use of resources by prioritizing project that are important.
This management direct a individual project successfully.	This management is about selecting and implementing right projects for organization to fulfill long-term objectives.
Its main goal is to complete single project and provide service.	Its main goal is to look at all projects and in turn improves return of investment as well as reduction of costs.
This management is basically used for small scale projects and more detailed one.	This management is basically used for not only large scale projects but also for more diffused one.

Source: geeksforgeeks.org

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